Carcinogens in Cigarette Smoke

	Philip Morris Confidential Document: Tobacco and Health R & D Approach DOCUMENT SUBMITTED BY: Dr. Helmut Wakeham November 15, 1961
	Summary of Image Document Cover -- not enlargeable No visible text or title Marked CONFIDENTIAL
	Summary of Image Title Page Philip Morris Incorporated Tobacco and Health -- R&D Approach Presentation to R & D Committee [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 5K]
	Summary of Image Table of Contents I. Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke II. The Cancer Controversy III. Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases IV. R & D Program Leading to a Medically Acceptable Cigarette V. Summary [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 13K]
	Summary of Image Page One Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 12K]
	Summary of Image Page Two Puff Volumes Composition of Mainstream Smoke [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 8K]
	Summary of Image Page Three Major Constituents of Mainstream Particulate Phase [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 10K]
	Summary of Image Page Four Flavor and Irritation Studies [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 6K]
	Summary of Image Page Five The Cancer Controversy -- Some Definitions: Carcinoma Sarcoma Carcinogen Tumor Promoter Anticarcinogen [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 10K]
	Summary of Image Page Six Evidence Linking Cancer and Tobacco Based on two main points: 1. Statistical 2. Physiological [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 8K]
	Summary of Image Page Seven The Problem of Carcinogen Identification 1. Factors that need to be considered... 2. Randomly performed chronic toxicity tests... [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 13K]
	Summary of Image Page Eight Relative Potency of Carcinogens to the Skin of Mice: Comparison of Dfferent Systems of Grading [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 9K]
	Summary of Image Page Nine Partial List of Compounds in Cigarette Smoke: Also Identified as Carcinogens 40 compounds listed [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 11K]
	Summary of Image Page Ten Cancer Promoting Agents in Cigarette Smoke 12 agents listed [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 10K]
	Summary of Image Page Eleven Phenols in Cigarette Smoke 23 items listed [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 7K]
	Summary of Image Page Twelve Anti-Carcinogens Seven items listed [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 4K]
	Summary of Image Page Thirteen Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases BELIEF -- Cardiovascular ailments which may arise from smoking are due to the physiological effects of nicotine. [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 12K]
	Summary of Image Page Fourteen R & D Program Leading to a Medically Acceptable Cigarette I. Reducing the Irritating Factors in Smoke II. Controlling Nicotine in Filter and Smoke III. Reduction of the General Level of Carcinogenic Substances in Smoke [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 9K]
	Summary of Image Page Fifteen I. Reduction of Irritating Factors in Smoke A. Hypothesis that physiological irritations are first step... B. Plan C. Program related to flavor improvement and consumer acceptability... [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 9K]
	Summary of Image Page Sixteen II. Controlling Nicotine in Filter and Smoke Nicotine believed essential to cigarette acceptability, but reduction may be desirable for medical reasons. [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 11K]
	Summary of Image Page Seventeen III. Reduction of Carcinogens in Smoke To achieve this objective will require a major research effort, because: 1. Carcinogens found in practically every class of compounds in smoke 2. Technology does not permit selective filtration of particulate smoke 3. Flavor and carcinogenic substances come from same classes 4. Many pyrolynis products have multiple precursors in tobacco [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 8K]
	Summary of Image Page Eighteen The Production of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons from Tobacco vs. Cigarette Paper Compares seven compounds Concludes tobacco main source of polynuclear hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 7K]
	Summary of Image Page Nineteen Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (PH) Come From Many Tobacco Constituents Compares ten items Concludes removal of any single precurson will not eliminate PH from smoke [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 9K]
	Summary of Image Some Possible Ways to Reduce Carcinogens in Tobacco Smoke Lists five options [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 7K]
	Summary of Image Page Twenty-one Summary Low Irritation and Low Nicotine cigarettes will be developed... A Medically Acceptable low carcinogen cigarette may be possible... [click on image to enlarge to full size -- 6K]
	Summary of Image Back Cover -- not enlargeable No visible text or information Marked CONFIDENTIAL
	BACKGROUND NOTE: Today's document is a 1961 admission by Philip Morris about the carcinogens in smoke. This document is especially remarkable for a very simple diagram on Page One that shows a big cigarette, with two "balloons," one coming out of each end of the cigarette. The balloons contain graphs that show that the percentage of dangerous compounds that come off the burning end of a cigarette is vastly higher (86%) than the percentage contained in the mainstream smoke (11.2%) Anne Landman American Lung Association of Colorado, West Region Office Grand Junction Type of Document: Confidential Philip Morris report Title: Tobacco and Health R & D Approach Date: November 15, 1961 Author: Dr. Helmut Wakeham (the same PM scientist who equated the danger of smoking cigarettes with the danger of eating too much applesauce in the 1970's documentary Death in the West) No. of Pages: 26 Site: http://www.pmdocs.com/ URL: http://www.pmdocs.com/getimg.asp?pgno=0&start=0&bool=202494717*&docid=2024947172/7196

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Philip Morris Confidential Document: Tobacco and Health R & D Approach